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OALib Journal期刊

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Aquaporin 5 Expression and Its Relationship to Apoptosis in Different Grades of Differentiated Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma  [PDF]
Fidelis Chibhabha, Yaqiu Li, Yanyong Hao, Hui Zhao, Liming Hao
Advances in Lung Cancer (ALC) , 2016, DOI: 10.4236/alc.2016.51001
Abstract: Aquaporin 5 has been recently found as an important oncogenic marker whose expression levels seem to be determined by the level of cellular differentiation. Despite aquaporin volume decrease (AVD) being the most conserved earliest event in apoptosis, there is still a paucity of studies exploring on aquaporin expression and its relationship with apoptosis in cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of aquaporin 5 channel protein and to explore on its relationship with apoptosis in well and poorly differentiated non-small cell lung carcinoma both in-vivo and in-vitro. Findings from the study showed that the expression of AQP5 both in-vivo and in-vitro was dependent on the type and degree of tumour differentiation. In-vivo, an increase in aquaporin 5 expression was associated with an increased apoptosis in both poorly and highly differentiated adenocarcinoma (AC) while there was no association between aquaporin 5 expression and apoptosis in both poorly and highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In vitro, differentiation therapy in the form of ATRA decreased both cell proliferation and increased the expression of AQP5 in A549 cells. The cytomorphological changes, expression of differentiation markers and flow cytometry apoptotic results were dependent on the dose of ATRA treatment. In conclusion, a higher expression of aquaporin 5 was found to promote the rate of the apoptotic process in lung adenocarcinoma (AC).
siRNA-mediated silencing of FOXQ1 expression inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells
Hao Wu,Liming Xia
- , 2017, DOI: 10.21037/16913
Abstract: Osteosarcoma (OS) is known as the most common malignant primary bone tumor in children and young adults (1,2). It causes death in patients as the main results of the high degree of malignancy and early occurrence of metastasis, with the 5-year survival rate of the non-metastatic patients reaching 65% (3). Therefore, it is in urgent need to identify novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets to improve the prognosis in patients with OS. Although numerous genetic alterations have been reported to be associated with OS, molecular mechanisms underlying OS pathogenesis remain to be clarified. Forkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1) is a member of the forkhead transcription factor family, which is 2,338 base pairs in length and located in chromosome 6p25.3 (4). FOXQ1 is involved in chemoresistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis of multiple cancers (5-8). Recently, studies have shown that FOXQ1 is overexpressed in lung cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer (9,10). In this study, we investigated the effect of FOXQ1 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in OS cells by RNA interference
An Efficient and Robust Self-Storage P2P Reputation System
Liming Hao,Songnian Lu,Junhua Tang,Shutang Yang
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks , 2009, DOI: 10.1080/15501320802533517
Abstract: For the large scale of the network and unreliable nature of peers in most P2P (Peer-to-Peer) systems, it is a challenging task to implement an efficient and robust P2P reputation system. Self-storage P2P reputation systems provide an efficient way to retrieve rating values. Since each peer locally stores its own rating values given by all other peers, it takes only one query message to collect all the rating values of a peer. However, it also gives the owner control over its rating values. One of the challenges of this type of system is to protect the rating values from being maliciously modified by their owners. In existing self-storage P2P reputation systems, other participants are involved in order to ensure the integrity and reliability of the rating values. However, because at least one participant must be contacted during the rating and rating values retrieval processes, they create a high message overhead when deployed in unstructured P2P systems.
A Nucleotide Metabolite Controls Stress-Responsive Gene Expression and Plant Development
Hao Chen, Baichen Zhang, Leslie M. Hicks, Liming Xiong
PLOS ONE , 2011, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026661
Abstract: Abiotic stress, such as drought and high salinity, activates a network of signaling cascades that lead to the expression of many stress-responsive genes in plants. The Arabidopsis FIERY1 (FRY1) protein is a negative regulator of stress and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and exhibits both an inositol polyphosphatase and a 3′,5′-bisphosphate nucleotidase activity in vitro. The FRY1 nucleotidase degrades the sulfation byproduct 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphate (PAP), yet its in vivo functions and particularly its roles in stress gene regulation remain unclear. Here we developed a LC-MS/MS method to quantitatively measure PAP levels in plants and investigated the roles of this nucleotidase activity in stress response and plant development. It was found that PAP level was tightly controlled in plants and did not accumulate to any significant level either under normal conditions or under NaCl, LiCl, cold, or ABA treatments. In contrast, high levels of PAP were detected in multiple mutant alleles of FRY1 but not in mutants of other FRY1 family members, indicating that FRY1 is the major enzyme that hydrolyzes PAP in vivo. By genetically reducing PAP levels in fry1 mutants either through overexpression of a yeast PAP nucleotidase or by generating a triple mutant of fry1 apk1 apk2 that is defective in the biosynthesis of the PAP precursor 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS), we demonstrated that the developmental defects and superinduction of stress-responsive genes in fry1 mutants correlate with PAP accumulation in planta. We also found that the hypersensitive stress gene regulation in fry1 requires ABH1 but not ABI1, two other negative regulators in ABA signaling pathways. Unlike in yeast, however, FRY1 overexpression in Arabidopsis could not enhance salt tolerance. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PAP is critical for stress gene regulation and plant development, yet the FRY1 nucleotidase that catabolizes PAP may not be an in vivo salt toxicity target in Arabidopsis.
High Concentrations of Methyl Fluoride Affect the Bacterial Community in a Thermophilic Methanogenic Sludge
Liping Hao, Fan Lü, Qing Wu, Liming Shao, Pinjing He
PLOS ONE , 2014, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092604
Abstract: To precisely control the application of methyl fluoride (CH3F) for analysis of methanogenic pathways, the influence of 0–10% CH3F on bacterial and archaeal communities in a thermophilic methanogenic sludge was investigated. The results suggested that CH3F acts specifically on acetoclastic methanogenesis. The inhibitory effect stabilized at an initial concentration of 3–5%, with around 90% of the total methanogenic activity being suppressed, and a characteristic of hydrogenotrophic pathway in isotope fractionation was demonstrated under this condition. However, extended exposure (12 days) to high concentrations of CH3F (>3%) altered the bacterial community structure significantly, resulting in increased diversity and decreased evenness, which can be related to acetate oxidation and CH3F degradation. Bacterial clone library analysis showed that syntrophic acetate oxidizing bacteria Thermacetogenium phaeum were highly enriched under the suppression of 10% CH3F. However, the methanogenic community did not change obviously. Thus, excessive usage of CH3F over the long term can change the composition of the bacterial community. Therefore, data from studies involving the use of CH3F as an acetoclast inhibitor should be interpreted with care. Conversely, CH3F has been suggested as a factor to stimulate the enrichment of syntrophic acetate oxidizing bacteria.
Bose-Fermi mixture in one-dimensional optical lattices with hard-core interactions
Xiaoming Cai,Liming Guan,Shu Chen,Yajiang Hao,Yupeng Wang
Physics , 2009,
Abstract: We study a mixture of $N_{b}$ bosons with point hard-core boson-boson interactions and $N_{f}$ noninteracting spinless fermions with point hard-core boson-fermion interactions in 1D optical lattice with external harmonic confine potential. Using an extended Jordan-Winger transformation (JWT) which maps the hard-core Bose-Fermi mixture into two component noninteracting spinless fermions with hard-core interactions between them, we get the ground states of the system. Then we determine in details the one particle density matrix, density profile, momentum distribution, the natural orbitals and their occupations based on the constructed ground state wavefunctions. We also discuss the ground state properties of the system with large but finite interactions which lead to the lift of ground degeneracy. Our results show that, although the total density profile is almost not affected, the distributions for bosons and fermions strongly depend on the relative strengthes of boson-boson interactions and boson-fermion interactions.
Zero-Determinant Strategies in the Iterated Public Goods Game
Liming Pan,Dong Hao,Zhihai Rong,Tao Zhou
Computer Science , 2014,
Abstract: Recently, Press and Dyson have proposed a new class of probabilistic and conditional strategies for the two-player iterated Prisoner's Dilemma, so-called zero-determinant strategies. A player adopting zero-determinant strategies is able to pin the expected payoff of the opponents or to enforce a linear relationship between his own payoff and the opponents' payoff, in a unilateral way. This paper considers zero-determinant strategies in the iterated public goods game, a representative multi-player evolutionary game where in each round each player will choose whether or not put his tokens into a public pot, and the tokens in this pot are multiplied by a factor larger than one and then evenly divided among all players. The analytical and numerical results exhibit a similar yet different scenario to the case of two-player games: (i) with small number of players or a small multiplication factor, a player is able to unilaterally pin the expected total payoff of all other players; (ii) a player is able to set the ratio between his payoff and the total payoff of all other players, but this ratio is limited by an upper bound if the multiplication factor exceeds a threshold that depends on the number of players.
Teaching Culture in TEFL  [PDF]
Jie Han, Liming Zhang
Creative Education (CE) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/ce.2020.114032
Abstract: Based upon the interdependent relationship between culture and language, this paper aims to illustrate the importance of cultural teaching in TEFL？(Teaching of English as Foreign Language). At the same time, by analyzing the objectives of cultural teaching, the author also explores the means by which the teachers may conduct their cultural teaching in？TEFL.
Construction and Innovation of the “Ideological and Political Theories Teaching in All Courses” in Vocational Colleges  [PDF]
Liming Huang, Ruiman Yao
Open Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/jss.2020.88011
Abstract: The collaborative construction of “Ideological and Political Theories Teaching in All Courses” in vocational colleges is of great practical significance to realize the organic unity of ideological and political education and technical training. However, in the specific implementation process, there are many shortcomings; for example, the concept of collaboration has not been deeply rooted in people’s mind; the method of education is not new and the effect is not significant. On the basis of sorting out the necessity of collaborative construction, this paper puts forward the basic ideas of clarifying the division of diversified subjects, improving the concept of collaborative development, and establishing a linkage mechanism, combined with the introduction of the practical model of Shanghai Publishing and Printing College’s intra-school co-construction, inter-school sharing, and school-enterprise co-promotion, in order to provide effective reference for promoting the course teaching reform, creating high-quality classes, and accelerating the cultivation of China’s compound technical talents.
Nature, Society and the Spirit: Peter Matthiessen’s Ecological Ideas  [PDF]
Jie Han, Liming Zhang
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection (GEP) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/gep.2020.811011
Abstract: Peter Matthiessen is widely regarded as a serious, disciplined author who wrote about wild nature, vanishing cultures, and human society. He was a dedicated naturalist from early on, and the concern for nature informed his work from the beginning of his career. This paper analyses Matthiessen’s major works from the perspective of ecocriticism, revealing his ecological ideas on natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology respectively. For Matthiessen, the modern environmental crisis is inseparable from social and spiritual problems. He criticizes the anthropocentric and imperial points of view, sparing no effort to pursue justice, harmony and wholeness both in his literary imagination and real life.
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